Lab report for synthesis of polystyrene Essay Example

Lab report for blend of polystyrene Essay Example Lab report for blend of polystyrene Paper Lab report for blend of polystyrene Paper 6-hexadecimal, Noah(s), 5% sebaceous chloride in hexane, frigid acidic corrosive, concentrated HOSES, cotton balls, acidic anhydride, CHICHI Procedure: For the combination of polystyrene, 10 ml styrene and 20 ml of 1 M Noah arrangement was set in separators pipe and they were concealed for a few times. Fluid layer was disposed of. The styrene layer was washed with water and dried with Cacao(s). The styrene was put in 100 ml jar and 25 ml xylem and 7-8 drops of the t-butyl probationer was included. The response blend was refluxed for 30 minutes. The arrangement was cooled to room temperature. Half of the blend was filled a recepticle with 100 ml methanol. The white hasten was gathered utilizing attractions filtration and dried. A modest quantity of outstanding polystyrene arrangement was poured onto a watch glass to watch the film. For the combination of nylon 6, 10, 10 ml of a 5% was bound in a 50 ml measuring utencil. One pellet Noah was added with whirling to break down. 10 ml of 5% sebaceous chloride in hexane was added cautiously to the measuring glass. The interface (Nylon 6,1 0) was pulled out among natural and watery layer with a twisted spatula. The layers were then mixed enthusiastically to acquire a bundle of nylon and dried. For the combination of cellulose, 5 ml of icy acidic corrosive, 1 drop of con. HOSES and 1 Goff cotton balls was included was included a halted tapered cup kept up at 70-ICC water shower for 20 minutes. Acidic anhydride (5 ml) as then added to the re-plug carafe and was set in water shower with every so often mixing for 20 min. 15 drops water was added to the jar and the unstopped cup was set in water shower for 5 min. 50 ml water was added to the arrangement. Cellulose triplicate was gathered by attractions filtration which was washed with water. 18 ml CHICHI and 2 ml methanol were blended and warmed to a bubble. Cellulose triplicate was added to acquire immersed arrangement and the measuring glass was expelled from heat. Some anhydrous Nassau was included. The arrangement was separated onto a water glass delivering a film from the surface. Result and Discussion: For section A (union of polystyrene), two layers were seen when styrene and Noah(aqua) were added to a separators pipe for extraction. The upper layer was yellow and lower layer was lackluster. Same outcome was seen when washing with water. During the reflux, arrangement was changed from light yellow to dull. After reflux, a major white accelerate was framed when methanol was included. The item was followed on the outside of channel paper during attractions filtration. From the watch glass, a dry film of polystyrene was watched. For part B (blend of Nylon 6, 10), when sebaceous chloride was added to Noah in 1, 6-hexadecimal, two layers was produced with little gas. Little warmth was likewise delivered. The interface between natural layer and watery layer was smooth. The nylon 6, 10 was white strands. For part C (blend of cellulose triplicate), after acidic anhydride was added to the blend and warmed by water shower for 20 miss, the cotton balls were broken down to orange-earthy colored arrangement. The white accelerates were delivered after 1 5 drops of water for hydrolysis were included. In the wake of including around 50 ml of water, he white-dark cellulose triplicate hastens were created. After cellulose triplicate was added to the blend of CHICHI and methanol, the arrangement changed from dismal to pale earthy colored. After some anhydrous Nassau were included, the arrangement became like paste. The white film was delivered from the surface when the arrangement was separated. To a limited extent A (polystyrene), Noah was added to expel inhibitor from styrene so as to experience radical system. It is on the grounds that so as to keep the styrene from promoting during stockpiling, the concoction 4-decorative liners is included decent it is an extreme inhibitor (otherwise called a decent chain eliminator). A few inhibitors might be polar which can be broken up in Noah. Water was then added to expel overabundance Noah in the arrangement. Xylem was added as a dissolvable to disintegrate polystyrene as them two are natural. In any case, the polystyrene can't be broken down in methanol so after that some methanol was included during test, the white polystyrene was accelerated out. The lackluster clear film followed on the channel paper showed up in light of the fact that advancement happens making the arrangement thicken and the thickness to increment. Combination of polystyrene: The development of radical initiator: Overall: Styrene polystyrene t-butyl probationer goes about as radical initiator since it contains - 0-0-bunch which is entirely unsteady and responsive. Polystyrene was framed a huge particles (styrene) made out of rehashing basic units. Union of Nylon 6, 10: The engineered polymers are ordered by their technique for union. The engineered strategy for polystyrene is chain-development while that of nylon is step-development. When blending Noah and sebaceous chloride, two layers were framed. During the chopping out, the warmth was delivered. The arrangement of warmth is because of the development of amide bond, which is exothermic. The nylon 6, 10 was shaped in the interface which was smooth. Due to the manner in which polypeptides are shaped, nylon would appear to be restricted to unbranded, straight chains. The nylon 6,10 can shape H-bond because of amide gathering so the material is intense. Cellulose triplicate, likewise referred to just as triplicate, CAT and TACT, is fabricated from cellulose and a wellspring of acetic acid derivation esters, normally acidic anhydride. The triplicate is gotten from cellulose which originate from the beginning preliminary, cotton balls in this analysis, by means of initiation system. The cellulose acetic acid derivation is broken up in a blend of deceleration and methanol for turning. Cellulose is for the most part acquired from wood mash and cotton. For the procedure of age of cellulose triplicate, the cold acidic corrosive and con. HOSES were utilized to give acidic medium to the activity of acidic anhydride. While including acidic anhydride, the cotton balls were broken up into earthy colored paste arrangement. It is on the grounds that actuation happened.

Problems in Education in the Phil

Issues and Issues in the Philippine Educational System Notes About the Problems and Issues in the Philippine Educational System: A Critical Discourse by Prof. John N. Ponsaran Colonial historiography. The vast majority of the at various times instructors, book writers, and Social Studies specialists give heavier premium to the historical backdrop of the colonizers in the Philippines, and not to the historical backdrop of Filipinos. Generally, this has been the situation in the instructing of History subjects from the rudimentary to tertiary levels and will in all probability sustain in the following ages to come.The history of the Filipino individuals and the pilgrim history of the Philippines are two unique points through and through. Internationalization of the division of work. Partly, the Philippine instructive framework conditions its understudies to be dexterous in number juggling and PC education, familiar with unknown dialects (explicitly English and Nihonggo), and compliant so as to fill in as laborers of the transnational organizations of the propelled, industrialist nations. Take the instance of the call place wonder in the Philippines, India and other creating states.Emasculation and unsettling of instructors. Educators, as a rule, are misled by the over-worked and came up short on arrangement of the arrangement of the at various times administrations. This prompts the castration and dispiriting of their positions. This most likely clarifies why the encouraging calling isn't pulling in the best and the most splendid from the yield of understudies any longer. Expectedly, this will correspondingly result to the endless loop of unremarkableness in training. Here now gone again later instructive organizations. By any measure, the multiplication of here now gone again later instructive establishments is counter-productive.In the since quite a while ago run, it creates a pool of silly, ill-equipped, and clumsy alumni. Alarmingly, the nation is having an o ver-flexibly as of now. Some would even think about them as liabilities than resources. This case is valid for both undergrad and graduate investigations. Socially and sex unfeeling instructive framework. Ladies, the regular tao and the indigenous individuals are generally rejected from the Philippine historiography for the men, saints from Luzon and the force tip top. Ladies are minimized and trivialized even in language of education.Take the instance of the terms female legal advisor (as though legal advisor as a calling is elite just to men) and labor (which ought to have been HR or human money to be all the more politically right). State surrender of training. For the sake of radical globalization, the stateâ€in a gradual fashionâ€is relinquishing its job to sponsor government funded training especially in the tertiary level. This comes as registration, research center and different expense increments so as to constrain state schools and colleges (SCUs) to create their own wellsprings of fund.Ironically, the majority of the spending plan (actually, more than 33% on account of 2005 National Budget) goes to obligation overhauling. Unacceptable course readings. A few reading material which are as of now flow are both ineffectively composed and randomly altered. Take the instance of the Asya: Noon at Ngayon with a recognized all out number of in excess of 400 verifiable mistakes. Tragically, it is only one of the numerous other comparable monstrously composed reading material which are yet to be distinguished and uncovered. This is a great instance of benefit centeredness regardless of social responsibility. Far reaching contractualization.In the name of benefit, proprietors and heads of a few tuition based schools regularly practice contractualization among their employees. Authoritative representatives not at all like their customary/tenured partners are not qualified for incidental advantages which thusly diminishes the general expense of their busine ss activity. Employment weakness disparages the positions of the employees. Undue negligence for specialization. A few schools and colleges urge their workforce pool to be generalists (under the appearance of multidisciplinary way to deal with learning) so as to have the option to deal with different subjects all at once.But some employees have ended up being objects of joke and have lost their confidence since some of them were pushed to deal with Technical Writing, General Psychology, Filipino, and Algebra simultaneously. This is common among some diversified scholastic organizations regardless of whether the subjects are as of now off-digression their territory of intrigue and specialization. Duplicate sticking society. Over-reliance to the internet has significantly diminished the capacity of understudies (even educators) to embrace investigate. Duplicate pasting’ has even transformed into a standard among certain understudies at whatever point they are entrusted to prese nt an examination paper or even a film audit. Obviously, written falsification has just changed into an increasingly advanced structure with regards to today’s electronic age. Mcdonaldized instruction. The framework, philosophy, and even substance of training in the Philippines are simple heedless transplantation from the West. It is consequently Eurocentric, socially inhumane, and non-intelligent of the neighborhood milieu.This depends on the xenocentric (outside focused) premise that other culture or framework is definitely more predominant than one’s own. The issue of non-manageability and non-congruity. Educators, chairmen and distributers are completely left in limbo at whatever point the DepEd would think of another entirely unexpected mandate from what it used to have in a fairly abrupt interim. Take the instance of the reviewing framework, time period dispensed to different subjects, MAKABAYAN program, availability test, and learning capabilities (LC). Poor res pect for liberal workmanship/education.Liberal instruction is expected to frame an all encompassing individual furnished with correspondence, basic reasoning, scientific, innovative, between close to home and intra-individual abilities. This clarifies why we additionally have Philosophy, Languages, Humanities, Natural Science, Social Science, Physical Education and even Theology in our school educational program, and not just our significant subjects. The educational plan is explicitly intended to create an all out individual, and not just a specialized authority. Tragically, the ideal target isn't being met at all since liberal ducation is viewed uniquely as a lot of minor subjects. With the manner in which these subjects are being taken care of (considering both substance and system), understudies see the whole exercise as a superfluous duplication of what they have just canvassed in secondary school. Similarly disturbing is the absence of eagerness and inspiration displayed by ce rtain teachers to deal with the subject particularly in the event that they accept that it has nothing to do with the course or territory of specialization of their understudies (state, Art Appreciation for Accounting majors or Algebra for Creative Writing majors).Education a purveyor of fantasy. Instruction has been compelling in mainstreaming and sustaining the social fantasies in an unpretentious and circuitous way. A portion of these fantasies are the apparent predominance of white, instructed men, ‘official’ history as cutting edge by the western perspective, globalization as the best way to accomplish financial turn of events, and generalizations against the minoritized and the disappointed. Further underestimation of the undersubscribed courses.In the name of benefit and as a reaction to the directs of the market powers, schools and colleges want to offer more courses in accordance with the wellbeing sciences like nursing, clinical interpretation, and care-giving . This is done to the detriment of the as of now undersubscribed yet pertinent courses like Area Studies, Pilipinolohiya (Philippine Studies), Development Studies, Philippine Arts, Art Studies, Community Development, Social Work, Islamic Studies, Clothing Technology, and Ceramics Engineering. Solid education.Some instructors for the sake of conservatism and for accommodation, lean toward the old-style training worldview where they see themselves as the wellspring of information and their understudies as only void vessels to be topped off (banking strategy for instruction). Current instruction has introduced student focused way to deal with training (from being the sage in the phase to only a guide as an afterthought). Terribly exhausting educators. As I generally underscore, there are no exhausting subjects, just exhausting instructors. In any case, in any event we ought to remember them since they despite everything fill a need. They fill in as terrible models.

Free Fall Day Promotion - College Essay Advisors

Free Fall Day Promotion - College Essay Advisors FALL FREE DAY FALL FREE DAY Thank you to everyone who submitted their essays for Fall Free Day! Submissions are now closed! Best. Fall. Ever. Free Essay Help Starts NOW! So log on to your favorite social network and chime in! Heres what you need to do: Follow us on  Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, YouTube, or Snapchat. Share one of our Free Fall Day posts. Send an email with your social handle and attached draft (in a Word Doc) to free@collegeessayadvisors.com. Be one of the first 100 people to do so! Heres what youll get: A free 15-minute essay consultation from one of the experts on our team! The consultation will include small edits to grammar, comments about the overarching theme, and a short message with suggestions so you know if youre heading in the right direction! This quickie essay review is perfect for: College applicants Grad school applicants Overachievers  with near-final drafts Students with rough rough drafts Procrastinators with fleshed-out ideas Whether you have a Common App personal statement or school-specific supplement, well scrub it up! Dont miss this awesome opportunity!!! Happy Fall!!! About CEA HQView all posts by CEA HQ » Need help navigating the Common App? We have a guide for that! CHECK IT OUT »

Notes On Life Greatest Treasure - 882 Words

Life Greatest Treasure 2. Why is this rickshaw driver from India so happy if he barely makes enough money to survive every day? The main reason I think this man is as happy as the average American, is because he does not know any other way of living. For example: people were happy before Ethernet existed, but now what happens if you take the Ethernet away from someone that has used the Ethernet? They will probably go mad. It doesn’t surprise how happy this person is, and I think hes the envy of a lot of people. He is strong, healthy and has a family that supports him. I have seen a lot of rich people that have all the money in the world, but they don’t have health, and they say they would give all their money for health if they could. 3. If I could rank my happiness from zero-ten (0 being not happy at all, and 10 being the happiest person in the planet). I would give myself a nine, because thanks to god I have everything I need. What do I need to reach a ten? Fulfilling my dream of making history, would be my last step for an eternal happiness. Even If I don’t fulfill my dream ill still make it to the eternal happiness, once I’m wiser. What most surprised me about the percentages, was that 50% was DNA. Probably my dad is as happy as me, but hes not the type of show his emotions. 4. The hedonic treadmill, also known as hedonic adaptation, is the observed tendency of humans to quickly return to a relatively stable level of happiness despite major positive orShow MoreRelatedGreat Inventions and the Patents for Them Essay example708 Words   |  3 Pagescreating an invention, make an engineering drawing is so important. There are so many great inventions in the world, but before they come to the public, they were just a piece a paper When it comes to the greatest invention of the 19th century, people all have their own answer. I think the greatest invention is aircraft. 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Beowulf’s strength is greater than anything ever seen in a warrior. It is also important to note that Grendel is also considered supernatural because of his strength. He is seen as a superhuman monster. Grendel has no knowledge of weapons and depends on his powerful strength to destroy his enemies (Block, 2008). Beowulf fights with Grendel untilRead MoreUnderstanding The New Kingdom Of Egypt1723 Words   |  7 Pagesd aily life but rather an appeal to a higher authority with its domain existing high over the secular world. Nevertheless, whether considered a madman and a heretic, or the political and religious genius who established the world’s first worldview based on the worship of one single god, the religion of Egypt has exerted a spellbinding fascination among the world religions. 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Because of this Raskolnikov wonders what mans greatest fear is, and with that comes the one thing that no man is capable of doing. 2. Â…for though Pyotr Petrovitch has been so kind as to undertake part of the expenses of the journey, that is to say, he has taken upon himself the conveyance of ourRead MoreCinema Paradiso878 Words   |  4 Pagesfather-son relationship in this movie. Although Toto’s father dies in the war, the real father-figure in his life ultimately ends up being Alfredo. He takes the mischievous, troublemaking Toto and raises him to become a successful man. Whenever Toto gets in trouble, Alfredo is there to support him. Through him, Toto learns that he has the potential to become something great. The greatest message Tornatore gets across in this film is the power of companionship. Be it Toto’s relationship with his girlfriend

federalism Essay - 1209 Words

Federalism nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The United States Government is beloved to all Americans, in the simple fact that all men are created equal and all men are given equal opportunity, to aspire to achieve success and make their dreams come true. Although the percentage of people who achieve all of their goals in life is fairly small, they have the freedom to chase them and America for the most part is a pretty content place. The â€Å"law of the land† that sets the standards for our rights and privileges is the U.S. Constitution. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As pretty and proper as the U.S. Constitution sounds, there has always been and always will be some conflicts and concerns about different laws and amendments and even values that†¦show more content†¦However with all the power that the President possesses there are also many limits set on him, including the length of time he is allowed to hold his job. However the President who runs the entire country, is appointed by the states. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This power and compromise is also included amongst the Congress. Each state appoints members of the legislature. Each state gets an equal numbers of electors in the Senate and the House of Representatives. The President is also required to take an oath before he takes over in office. â€Å"I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, 1`protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.† Adams had the brilliant idea of Checks amp; Balances where he broke the government into three branches; the president, Congress, and the judiciary. Each of them had power but no one branch would be allowed to enjoy a monopoly of power. However when problems did occur each branch was allowed to put their two cents in and try to resolve whatever conflict that arose. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;However there are times when the Constitution puts its foot down, and prohibits power of the states . A big example of this is Article 1, Section 10. It lists all powers prohibited of the statesShow MoreRelatedFederalism And The Other Federalism849 Words   |  4 PagesI’ve researched different texts and different information on the topic of federalism to have a good understanding and knowledge of it. I found many sources of great information to learn about federalism and how it influences many countries in the world that we know today. 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What is Culture Free Essays

According to Kroaber and Kluckhohn, culture is a compound word which is not easy to explain. The word was used mainly in the late ninetees and the scientists became fascinated from this. To really get to know about culture, some suppositions are to be taken. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Culture? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is generally based on the person himself how he perceives it and react to it, the special values that are showcased by him, certain features of culture can be seen directly. Culture is not a thing that a person born with it, it is relocated by personal experience and by the society itself. In ancient times, people don’t know much about culture so they think it’s a thing a person is born with. The suppositions that are taken are generally unquestionable. Most of the behaviour features that a person obtains are from interacting with the society. These features creates ideas in our how to respond to incentives. Culture is shared among people not contained in himself. The more compound the system becomes basis on class, religion the more compound the culture becomes. As values and morales comes from within the same way culture comes from within. As branches of culture widens, the norms come into existence for the maintenance and regulation of it. culture is like knowledge that can’t be created but passed from one generation to other generation by maintaining the norms and the rules and regulations. But due to these norms their thinking capabilities gets restricted and face consequences. As its passed from generations, it gets evolved over a period of time, by sharing and taking the ideas from others. Mixing of the culture is not an easy task, it is highly questionably and more chances of getting rejected. Only some characteristics can be taken easily which benefits their benefits. University of Groningen the Power of Culture a Short History of Anthropological Theory about Culture and Power Hans Schoenmakers According to this there are certain relationship of culture with power. There are certain factors that can reinterprate the social and the so called political relations in a region. It is necessary for the people to know about the relationship between the political power and the culture as mainly in manifestos this is a topic which is being raised many times to gain vote for winning the elections. By many researches it was found that it was not easy to co relate it with power. It is dependent on certain assumptions. Political science is mainly focused on the fact that has an orginal source, concepts, theories. It can be co related with the society as individuals or group may takedown others. This has to be thought by having a critical thinking about the politics to relate it. Researchers introduced an idea that culture and power are the two fields that gives structure to the society. Certain philosophers brought ideas of civilisation that the way a person lives and works according to it. As there are many definitions of culture given by different philosophers, social researchers that it became very difficult to interrelate these all definitions were given by their own experience, researches. Wolf states that cultured is not something that is simply shared but is evolved and came into existence by the group that has power. Wolf mentions that his inspiration is Marxism to think about the structural power. Marxism is all about class struggles like the aristrocrates and peasants.Today we are living in a society which is under stress and is busy in work that they don’t even question the system how they are exercising or misusing their powers to run the system. Is Female To Male As Nature Is To Culture -Sherry B. Ortner My interest in this case is more than academics. To look changes in the social groups of the doors that are opened for men as well as women. According to my experiences and from research I conclude that we are up for something big and not seems easy to gain without any bads. Many parts of the country women are still treated as inferior comparing with men, their main job is to serve the family take care of their children and is not allowed to go outside. Here the dominant group is men as women are not opposing them, there can be certain reasons for it because they get a feel of security from the outside and a roof to live in and the pleasures she can get. Each person borns freely and dies freely but the culture in a society tells you how to live and die. In every research related to status of women in ancient times they were always placed below men and prohibited to do task that men does and some are treated very badly and the infamous sati system. For the continuation of culture, each individual have to be socialised among them. The culture here doesn’t plays the role of devaluing the women but restricting the access to live and enjoy certain rights and to move along with men shoulder to shoulder. Political institutions are now recognizing the position of women imposing policies for the upliftment of them, reservations for them so this will increase our economical and national reputation. How to cite What is Culture?, Papers What Is Culture Free Essays WHAT IS CULTURE? Culture is a word frequently used by people everywhere most times they use it to make a point clear to someone else in the way they see and interpret things. We all practice culture in one way or another even though most people do not notice it. One thing clear to us is that culture is attached to everything we do. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Williams and Geertz both portrayed quite similar and different ideas towards culture in their essays. Williams noted that culture is a whole way of life, (pg. 1) this is in the sense that in everything we do we apply culture. The way we talk, eat, worship and so on culture is depicted inside it. For example, in a family it is possible that before they eat they wash their hands and say a prayer; right there a part of culture is shown. Also in a way it shows that culture is ordinary. Culture does not necessarily mean it has to be something of a big event, the tiniest things we do can portray culture. Geertz divided his view of culture into three parts known as culture theory. He also mentioned that culture is an acted document and also described it to be public. For culture to exist it has to be practised. Geertz made a point by saying culture is an acted document because the name culture is not something we just have to know, we put culture into action and for it to be public means people have to notice it. If a particular group of people have a certain culture they depict it is important that others are aware about it, because that way they can share ideas and appreciate the works of others. This shows that culture is included in everything we do. Williams also included in his essay that culture is like a journey. He used the word like to distinguish the distance between culture and journey. Culture is like a journey in the sense that it continues to grow from generation to generation. Even if the people decide to stop such culture, it will still be in history that they practiced it and history cannot be erased. Again culture is included in everything we do including the way history is being taught. According to Geertz’s essay he said that, ’Culture has different meanings and is shown in different ways’. In a world filled with over a billion people we do not expect everyone to be exactly the same. We all have our different likes and dislikes, we have different attitudes and we look differently. The same thing applies to culture our way of life does not have to be the same as the person next to us, that is what makes culture interesting and broad. Our culture and the way we see and read meaning to it might not be the same way a stranger sees and interprets it. And for culture to be shown in different ways proves the fact that culture is also a form of being creative. Again culture is attached to everything we do including creativity of the body and mind. Williams described culture in another way he used the teashop as an example of where cultivated people went to. When people use the word uncultured the first thing that comes to their mind is when someone does something insane or disgusting. In the case of the teashop Williams said he was intimidated by the people that went to the teashop meaning he felt uncultured he did not get why they went there to just sip tea or coffee meanwhile to them it was a normal thing. If people find going to a teashop very intriguing and important as little and unimportant as it may look it shows that they follow a certain style of culture, this is just another idea that culture is attached to everything we do. Geertz said that people should read meaning to culture (pg. 13). When we meet other people with different culture, it is courtesy to understand their culture. We should not start judging them because of the things they do. Most times when they figure out that we appreciate their culture they tend to open up more easily and that is the best way to start a relationship with another. How to cite What Is Culture, Essay examples What is Culture Free Essays According to Kroaber and Kluckhohn, culture is a compound word which is not easy to explain. The word was used mainly in the late ninetees and the scientists became fascinated from this. To really get to know about culture, some suppositions are to be taken. We will write a custom essay sample on What is Culture? or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is generally based on the person himself how he perceives it and react to it, the special values that are showcased by him, certain features of culture can be seen directly. Culture is not a thing that a person born with it, it is relocated by personal experience and by the society itself. In ancient times, people don’t know much about culture so they think it’s a thing a person is born with. The suppositions that are taken are generally unquestionable. Most of the behaviour features that a person obtains are from interacting with the society. These features creates ideas in our how to respond to incentives. Culture is shared among people not contained in himself. The more compound the system becomes basis on class, religion the more compound the culture becomes. As values and morales comes from within the same way culture comes from within. As branches of culture widens, the norms come into existence for the maintenance and regulation of it. culture is like knowledge that can’t be created but passed from one generation to other generation by maintaining the norms and the rules and regulations. But due to these norms their thinking capabilities gets restricted and face consequences. As its passed from generations, it gets evolved over a period of time, by sharing and taking the ideas from others. Mixing of the culture is not an easy task, it is highly questionably and more chances of getting rejected. Only some characteristics can be taken easily which benefits their benefits. 2. UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN THE POWER OF CULTURE A SHORT HISTORY OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY ABOUT CULTURE AND POWER HANS SCHOENMAKERS According to this there are certain relationship of culture with power. There are certain factors that can reinterprate the social and the so called political relations in a region. It is necessary for the people to know about the relationship between the political power and the culture as mainly in manifestos this is a topic which is being raised many times to gain vote for winning the elections. By many researches it was found that it was not easy to co relate it with power. It is dependent on certain assumptions. Political science is mainly focused on the fact that has an orginal source, concepts, theories. It can be co related with the society as individuals or group may takedown others. This has to be thought by having a critical thinking about the politics to relate it. Researchers introduced an idea that culture and power are the two fields that gives structure to the society. Certain philosophers brought ideas of civilisation that the way a person lives and works according to it. As there are many definitions of culture given by different philosophers, social researchers that it became very difficult to interrelate these all definitions were given by their own experience, researches. Wolf states that cultured is not something that is simply shared but is evolved and came into existence by the group that has power. Wolf mentions that his inspiration is Marxism to think about the structural power. Marxism is all about class struggles like the aristrocrates and peasants Today we are living in a society which is under stress and is busy in work that they don’t even question the system how they are exercising or misusing their powers to run the system. 3. IS FEMALE TO MALE AS NATURE IS TO CULTURE -SHERRY B. ORTNER My interest in this case is more than academics. To look changes in the social groups of the doors that are opened for men as well as women. According to my experiences and from research I conclude that we are up for something big and not seems easy to gain without any bads. Many parts of the country women are still treated as inferior comparing with men, their main job is to serve the family take care of their children and is not allowed to go outside. Here the dominant group is men as women are not opposing them, there can be certain reasons for it because they get a feel of security from the outside and a roof to live in and the pleasures she can get. Each person borns freely and dies freely but the culture in a society tells you how to live and die. In every research related to status of women in ancient times they were always placed below men and prohibited to do task that men does and some are treated very badly and the infamous sati system. For the continuation of culture, each individual have to be socialised among them. The culture here doesn’t plays the role of devaluing the women but restricting the access to live and enjoy certain rights and to move along with men shoulder to shoulder. Political institutions are now recognizing the position of women imposing policies for the upliftment of them, reservations for them so this will increase our economical and national reputation. How to cite What is Culture?, Papers

Financial Analysis of Singtel free essay sample

As my research and analysis project topic chosen is the ‘Topic 8: An analysis of business and financial performance of an organization over a three–year period’, I have selected Singapore Telecommunications Limited (SingTel) to be my research organization from 1 April 2007 to 31 March 2010. Business analysis is the discipline of identifying business needs and determining solutions to business problems. Solutions often include a systems development component, but may also consist of process improvement or organizational change or strategic planning and policy development. It focuses on the needs of the business to achieve its corporate objectives and develop the strategy. Financial analysis refers to the finance function of the business and examines its historical data, such as financial statements, to gain the information about the financial health of the business. And it can be used in a wide variety of ways to help managers to make their critical decisions, just as Alan S. Donnahoe wrote in his book What Every Manager Should Know about Financial Analysis. In a very real sense, finance is the language of business. Goals are set and performance is measured in financial terms. Plants are built, equipment ordered, and new projects undertaken based on clear investment return criteria. Financial analysis is required in every such case. † In summary, the analysis of business and financial performance reflect a clearer picture of the organization about its activities, strength, weaknesses and potential problems and also can provide more useful and wider information to the users who are interested in. 1. 2 Reason for choosing the topic and the organization This topic allows me to get deeper and better into the understanding of business and financial analysis. With the availability of annual report, I can apply my theoretical knowledge of P2 and P3 in real practical organization. Furthermore, it is also helpful to improve my skills in financial analysis areas as my dream position is CFO of my future career. The reason to choose SingTel as my research organization is that this organization is familiar to me as I am currently the client of SingTel which I have a better understanding of it than other organizations. And nowadays, the telecommunication industry plays an important role in our daily life that everyday we need to contact our family and friends by using phones and internet. In fact, SingTel is the largest company by market capitalization listed on the Singapore Exchange (Wikipedia2010) and I am interested in its success that I want to know more about it. 1. 3 Objectives of report This project’s objective is to evaluate the business and financial performance of SingTel over a three-year period by applying the accounting knowledge and skills from ACCA learning. By doing this, it is not only to improve my studies and gain confidence, but also make the information from financial statements easier for users to understand and make decisions. 1. 4 Research questions My report aims to solve and analyze the following concerns related to SingTel’s success: †¢ How is the probability and liquidity analysis of SingTel in these three years? †¢ What factors helped SingTel to become one of the most successful international companies in Singapore as there are not many international companies in Singapore? †¢ What are the challenges faced by SingTel? What are the future prospects of SingTel affected by the economic downturns? †¢ What are the strength, weakness, opportunity and threat of SingTel in its business environment? 1. 5 Research and Analysis Methodology Secondary source is my major approach to gather research information which is mostly available in SingTel annual report and other author’s analysis of it that can b e searched on internet and in the library. My research and analysis section has four parts: Firstly, the ratio analysis of the financial performance of SingTel during three-year period is compared among each year. Secondly, SingTel will be compared with M1 which is also in the telecommunication industry for the benchmarking for the past three years which can enhance the overall analysis of the report. Thirdly, PESTEL analysis model is used to analyze the macro-environment of the company for the business performance. Finally, there is a SWOT model used to have a deeper analysis both in the internal strength and weaknesses and in the external opportunities and threats. Chapter Two: Information gathering analysis method used 2. 1 Source of information Information gathering is the first step during the process of my project. Learning to develop effective information gathering strategies will help me understanding the organization in a number of different ways. And all the sensible judgments and effective techniques depend on that sufficient and quality information. Generally, there are two types of information sources: †¢ Primary source: it refers to a term used in a number of disciplines to describe source material that is closest to the person, information, period, or idea being studied (Wikipedia2010), i. . it can be collected by interviews, surveys, observation or questionnaires. It serves as an original source of information about the topic. †¢ Secondary source: it collects from a document or recording that relates or discusses information originally presented elsewhere (Wikipedia2010). It can be collected both externally and internally. Internally, it can be gained from records or documents within the organization. Externally, the information from relevant reports in newspapers, magazines or journals has been gathered for you. It is less timely cost than primary data, but it has risk once these information collected by others which are lack of judgments or appropriate sampling. 2. 2 Collection of data As we know, the primary source is more reliable than secondary source. However, it is timely consuming and costly whereas there are constraints of time and confidentiality which it is unlikely to obtain sufficient information in a short time. This report is an analysis of business and financial performance of SingTel which can get relevant information from annual report of the company from website. Therefore, I use secondary source for information gathering during my RAP. 2. 3 Source of data My main source of data relies on secondary source. The methods use to gather information as following: †¢ Internet †¢ Newspaper †¢ Relevant books †¢ Library 2. 3. 1 Internet Nowadays, internet is regarded as one of the fastest and most convenient method to gather information. We can access the information by search engines, such as Google and yahoo, which can facility us to locate all the relevant websites. With the help of internet, I downloaded the annual reports of SingTel and M1 from their company websites which are very useful for both financial and non-financial analysis. In addition, I also visited other websites to gather more information about the backgrounds, history and activities profiles of SingTel. 2. 3. 2 Newspaper In Singapore, it is easy to get information from newspapers which every weekday there are free newspapers to allocate in the MRT station during the lunch time which is convenient to know about the big news happened on time. And I also bought some other newspapers to gather relevant information to further the business and financial knowledge of my report, such as and . 2. 3. 3 Relevant books Relevant books play an important role in the process of information collection. They help me to clear my thoughts and ideas by the guidelines provided, such as text books. 2. 3. 4 Library The National Library in Singapore provides a large amount of information about the techniques and applications of financial and business analysis that make me have an in depth knowledge. The different opinions and perspectives by other authors also help me to enhance the understanding of the financial and industry environment of SingTel. 2. 4 Limitations of information gathering As above, my information gathering mostly depends on secondary source due to some limitations of time and cost which may not as reliable as primary source. And, even though SingTel is one of the most transparency companies in Singapore stock market, there are stills some limitations during the gathering of information because of the confidentiality. 2. 5 Ethical issues I am strictly following the requirements by Oxford Brooks University that all students undertaking research need to comply with the University’s Code of Practice ‘Ethical standards for Research involving Human Participants’ and rules, policies, and regulations for information gathering. During my process of information gathering, I selected information from the reputable websites and books with clear reference in my RAP which is transparency to the public. Any sensitive and confidential information against ethical and professional issues is not disclosed in this report. 2. 6 Accounting and business techniques used In order to have an effectively and completely analysis of business and financial performance of the company, the accounting and business techniques used are important to adopt: †¢ Ratio analysis: an analysis of financial performance of SingTel from profitability, liquidity, long-term insolvency and investment ratio to reflects its financial condition, its attractiveness and its operations as an investment. It enables the manager to spot the trends in the business and compare its own ratios for several successive years, watching especially for any unfavorable trends that may be starting. Benchmarking: It is the process of comparing ones business processes and performance metrics to industry bests and/or best practices from other industries (Wikipedia2010). It is a good tool to improve the business to identify its comparative strengths and weaknesses. †¢ PESTEL: it describes a framework of macro-environment factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic ma nagement affected the company as political, economic, social, technology, environmental and legal. It will help the company to understand these external factors to respond if there is any changes, even they cannot control them. †¢ SWOT: it summarizes the key issues from the business environment and the strategic capability of an organization that are most likely to impact on strategy development (JSW). This enables users to recognize the strengths and weaknesses within the organization to take the opportunities or to overcome the threats outside the organization. 2. 7 Limitations of accounting and business techniques used During the process of ratio analysis, it is based on historical data which the future performance may not be in line with the trends analyzed from past information since the changes always exist. Due to the constraints of time and confidentiality, there may not have sufficient information gathered for making a good PESTEL and SWOT analysis. In benchmarking, different companies may have different accounting techniques and policies used which may affect the reliability. Chapter Three: Research, Analysis, Conclusion and Recommendation 3. 1 Background of organization 3. 1. 1 History Singapore Telecommunications Limited, commonly known as SingTel, is a telecommunications company, providing a diverse range of communication services and solutions, including fixed, mobile, data, Internet, info-communications technology, satellite and pays TV with a combined mobile subscriber base of 285 million customers from its own operations and regional associates at the end of December 2009. The history of SingTel can be traced back to 1879 when the Singapore became one of the first cities in the east to have telephone services; three years after Alexander Graham Bell patented his invention. In 1988, a subsidiary, Singapore Telecom International, was formed. This marked the beginning of SingTel’s expansion into overseas markets. In 2005, SingTel launched its commercial 3G services in February. And then Mio TV was launched commercially on 20 July 2007 and began its services on 21 July 2007. On July 10 2009, Apple Inc. and SingTel announced that they are launching iPhone 3GS commercially. In Singapore, SingTel has 130 years of operating experience and has played an integral part in the development of the country as a major communications hub in the region.

The Product free essay sample

Congratulations, consumer! You have just purchased the new and improved Ryan Ferland College-Bound Superhuman Action-Figure. Enhanced to graduate from high school in three years, your action-figure is guaranteed for hours of exciting conversation and intellectual stimulation. The Ryan Ferland College-Bound Superhuman Action-Figure is also a surety of creative enterprise, equipped with many diverse accessories for those consumers who have an eclectic range of needs they would like Ryan to fulfill. Enclosed is a brief list of those accessories. We at Ferland Family products ask you, the consumer, to please carefully read over the list and verify that each item is included with the Ryan Ferland College-Bound Superhuman Action-Figure. Included Accessories: One classical guitar and one Martin acoustic guitar. Let Ryan serenade you with his extensive repertoire of minuets and etudes. He comes with three and a half years of formal musical instruction and has the patience and determination to master his instrument. We will write a custom essay sample on The Product or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One large sketchbook, one set of drawing pencils, and one set of pens and ink. With three years of drawing experiences, the Ryan Ferland Action-Figure has a vast portfolio expressing his many moods and desires. Each action-figure has a passion for art and creativity to exhibit wonderfully rendered pieces, pleasing to the eye. One hard cover writing journal and one set of black ball-point pens. Each Ryan Action-Figure believes that the art of expression through the written word is a valuable commodity in lifes adventure. Ryan is a proficient writer. Last year alone he filled four complete writing journals, covering a wide variety of themes and forms. Ryan action-figures are known for their bluntness and articulation. One current library card. Ryan enjoys reading for pleasure and relaxation. He strives to read as many works of literature that he can to satisfy his many tastes. One set of working papers. Your Ryan action-figure has acquired work experience through the two jobs he has had the past two years. He has worked as a page at the Arlington library and as an audio-visual assistant at the Stetson University Library in his home own of Deland, Florida. One valid passport. Your Ryan action-figure is an expert traveler. His first airplane voyage was before he reached the age of one. He has been all over the earth, living at times in Paris, France and in Freiburg, Germany at the edge of the Black Forest. While in Europe, Ryan also journeyed to London for two two-week visits, walking the streets of Soho and immersing himself into the English life-style. Your Ryan action-figure has also walked through the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, climbed the alps in Switzerland, driven through the former Czechoslovakia to Prague and spent a week in Austria. He is also a veteran explorer of North America, roaming throughout the states of the eastern seaboard to the freezing streets of Quebec in the center of a ferocious snowstorm. We hope that your new purchase grants you the hours of pleasure that this unique figure was designed for. After checked the accessories list, please proceed to the Owners Manual before attempting to operate the Ryan Ferland College-Bound Superhuman Action-Figure. Ferland Family Inc. is not liable for any damages caused by the improper handling of the action-figure.

French Possessives Adjectives Come in Many, Many Forms

French Possessives Adjectives Come in Many, Many Forms Possessive adjectives are the words used in place of articles to indicate to whom or to what something belongs. French possessive adjectives are used in similar ways to English possessive adjectives, but there are some differences in form. Using French Possessive Adjectives French grammar touts many more possessives than English  because there are different forms not only for the person and number but sometimes also the gender and the first letter of that which is possessed. All of the different forms are summarized in the table below and are explained in detail later in this lesson. 1.  When describing two or more nouns in French, a possessive adjective must be used in front of each one:      son frà ¨re et sa sÅ“ur  Ã‚  Ã‚  his brother and sister   Ã‚  Ã‚  ma tante et mon oncle  Ã‚  Ã‚  my aunt and uncle 2.  The possessive adjective is almost never used with body parts in French. You cant say my hand or my hair. Instead, the French use pronominal verbs to show possession with body parts:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Je me suis cassà © la jambe.  Ã‚  Ã‚  I broke my leg (literally, I broke the leg of myself).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Il se lave les cheveux.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hes washing his hair (literally, Hes washing the hair of himself). Singular Plural English Masculine Feminine Before Vowel my mon ma mon mes your (tu form) ton ta ton tes his, her, its son sa son ses our notre notre notre nos your (vous form) votre votre votre vos their leur leur leur leurs Singular Possessive French Adjectives In French grammar, there are three forms of the possessive for each singular person (I, you, he/she/it). The gender, number, and first letter of the noun possessed determine which form to use. MY      mon  (masculine singular)  mon stylo   my pen  Ã‚  Ã‚  ma  (feminine singular)  ma montre  Ã‚  my watch  Ã‚  Ã‚  mes  (plural)  mes  livres   my books When a  feminine noun  begins with a vowel, the masculine possessive adjective is used, to avoid saying  ma  amie,  which would break the  flow of speech. In this case, the possessives final consonant is pronounced (the n in the example below) to achieve fluid pronunciation.      mon  amie  - my (female) friend YOUR (tu  form)   Ã‚  Ã‚  ton  (masculine singular)  Ã‚  ton stylo  Ã‚  your pen  Ã‚  Ã‚  ta  (feminine singular)  Ã‚  ta montre   your watch  Ã‚  Ã‚  tes  (plural)  Ã‚  tes livres   your books When a feminine noun begins with a vowel, the masculine  possessive adjective  is used:      ton  amie  - your (female) friend HIS / HER / ITS   Ã‚  Ã‚  son  (masculine singular)  Ã‚  son stylo  Ã‚  his, her, its pen  Ã‚  Ã‚  sa  (feminine singular)  Ã‚  sa  montre   his, her, its watch  Ã‚  Ã‚  ses  (plural)  Ã‚  ses  livres   his, her, its books When a feminine noun begins with a vowel, the masculine possessive adjective is used:   Ã‚  Ã‚  son  amie  - his, her,  its  (female) friend Note:  An important difference between French and English is that  French utilizes the gender of the noun to determine which form to use, not the gender of the subject. A man would say  mon livre  when talking about a book, and a woman would also say  mon livre.  The book is masculine, and therefore so is the possessive adjective, no matter who the book belongs to. Likewise, both men and women would say  ma  maison, because house is feminine in French. It doesnt matter whether the owner of the house is male or female. This difference between English and French possessive adjectives can be particularly confusing when using him/her/it.  Son,  sa, and  ses  can each mean his, her, or  its  depending on the context. For example,  son lit  can mean his bed, her bed, or its bed (for example, the dogs). If you need to stress the gender of the person the item belongs to, you can use  Ã‚  lui  (belonging to him) or  Ã‚  elle  (belonging to her):   Ã‚  Ã‚  Cest son livre,   elle.  Its her book.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Voici sa monnaie, lui.  Ã‚  Heres his change. Plural Possessive French Adjectives For plural subjects (we, you, and they), French possessive adjectives are far simpler. There are only two forms  for  each grammatical person: singular and plural. OUR   Ã‚  Ã‚  notre  (singular)  Ã‚  notre stylo  Ã‚  our pen  Ã‚  Ã‚  nos  (plural)  Ã‚  nos montres   our watches YOUR (vous  form)   Ã‚  votre  (singular)  Ã‚  votre stylo  Ã‚  your pen  Ã‚  vos  (plural)  Ã‚  vos montres   your watches THEIR   Ã‚  Ã‚  leur  (singular)  Ã‚  leur stylo  Ã‚  their pen  Ã‚  Ã‚  leurs  (plural)  Ã‚  leurs montres   their watches

Environmental Microbiology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Environmental Microbiology - Assignment Example flu in humans are very similar to conventional influenza which generally involves muscular pains, cough, general body weakness, chills, fever, severe migraine and general discomfort. Human to human infection of this virus is also prevalent in a manner similar to that of the common flu, namely through coughing & sneezing of infected individuals or by touching something with flu virus on it and then eating food without washing the hands etc. Swine flu is also transmitted to humans by eating pork products which are not cooked to at least 160Â °F, which kills the swine flu virus and other dangerous bacteria and viruses. It has been noted that although conventional treatment for swine flu exits, natural medicines have also been quite successful in treating and preventing pandemic outbreaks of this virus, especially homeopathic and herbal medicine therapies. (Kruzel p.2) Now even vaccines for swine flu prevention are available and public awareness campaigns and education programs have helped increase awareness about this virus to the masses. The best treatment for swine-flu is possible if a physician is contacted within 1-2 days of noticing the swine flu

Commercial Law Assignment Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Commercial Law Assignment - Case Study Example In fact, he speaks very little English. This means that Nathan may not be able to make an informed bargain or decision, if he engages in a contract where the other party speaks English due to the limitation in language. On the other hand, John works as a sales representative with a telephone company known as Dubious Connections Pty Ltd. He sells telephone contracts. John was aware that Nathan knew nothing about telephone contracts and that he did not understand most of the matters that are discussed in English. Nathan was influenced to enter into a contract by John, as the latter told the former that there was a special promotion just for that day and that if the former signed that day, he was entitled to a free iOS7.1 telephone. Therefore, Nathan was under undue influence to enter into this contract, given that he did not understand much English to have the capacity of making an informed decision. In addition, John explained the main features of the contract, but he knew that Nathan did not understand most of the details. John did not offer to get an interpreter to explain the terms and conditions of the contract to Nathan, who thought he could terminate the contract any time and simply return the phone. Nathan was not aware that the contract was to run for three years, and terminating the contract at any time during this period, Nathan would have to pay the full contract price of $3,120, plus $ 800, which is the price of the iOS7.1 telephone. However, after two months into the contract, Nathan found out that the additional expense of the monthly phone bill was difficult to manage, given that he received a meager allowance from Red Cross. Nathan now wants to terminate the contract and return the phone. From the aforementioned issues, a determination whether there was a valid contract between Nathan and Dubious Connections Pty Ltd is made. Also, the remedies available to Natha n are outlined and discussed. Unconscionable conduct

Commuter Preferences on Road Transportation Modes

Commuter Preferences on Road Transportation Modes COMMUTERS’ PREFERENCES/CHOICES ON ROAD TRANSPORTATION MODE IN THE NIGER-DELTA: A CASE STUDY OF WARRI METROPOLIS, NIGERIA ATUBI, A. O. ABSTRACT Road transportation is essential/n the life of any modern society; this is because it entails the movement of people, goods and services from one place to another. It is the main medium used to revitalize the social, economic and political structures. The data used for this study were mainly from primary and secondary sources and from the analysis of the data, it was revealed that commuters in Warn metropolis prefer the use of motorcycle transportation to other means of transportation. For more rigorous analysis, an inferential statistical technique known as the multiple correlations was used. INTRODUCTION This study of transportation is multi-disciplinary, involving various disciplines each in a strict sense, with its own area of emphasis. For instance, whereas pricing and regulations are the main area of focus of economists, transport systems analysis is usually the interest of the engineers (Ikporukpo, 1998). It is generally recognized that the geographer’s interest is essentially the spatial perspective (Hoyle and Knowles, 1992: Knowles; 1993; Tolley and Turton, 1995). Indeed, Eliot-Hurst (1973) has argued that â€Å"transportation is a measure of the relationship between areas and therefore, is essentially geographical†. In spite of the disciplinary boundaries, it is increasingly becoming clear that the study of transportation is best approached through an interdisciplinary perspective. Ogunsaya (2002) recognized this when he said; although the process of spatial economic development of any country is a complex one involving several variables, transport stands out as a catalyst in the process of change in its development. Its role in agriculture, industry, commerce, health, education, tourism, among other is recognized’. Kraft et al (1971) observed that transport becomes a critical factor in regional growth since it determines the extent of which an area can capitalize on its economic development. Transport, as a derived demand, is the artery, which all human activities flow. Transport as the Bridge of spatial in equality that enables/aids development, is often use as an indicator of the overall development of a nation. No wonder, Onakornaiya and Ekanem (1977) said, any nation is as developed as her transport sector which is a basic service sector to all other sectors of the economy developed. Changes in the way economic activities are organized are well understood. However, as yet, the role of transport in facilitating these changes is well defined. Most recently, economic forces have been supplemented by technological changes, which have allowed many transactions to be carried out simultaneously. The quantity and speed of transactions have increased exponentially. A number of authors discussed these issues, the most notable being Downs (1989), Sassen (1999); Castells (2000; 2004). Transportation enables consumers to enjoy the availability of goods, which are not provided as produced in their immediate locality because of climate or soil condition, the lack of raw materials, utilities or labours or the cost of production. Such a system allowed consumers a choice of goods, which would not otherwise be available (United States Department of Transportation, 2000; 2004; Kruger et al 2001; Atubi and Onokala, 2003; Rodrigue, 2004). Recent urban transportation studies address the identification and measurement of behavioural variables in the development of spatial choices models. However, the choice of destinations is generally remain divorced from other travel choice, such as mode of travel and time of trip (Dommecich, 1985), as well as attempt to explain travel mode choice as a significant component of urban travel behaviours. For example, Ruston (1991), investigated consumer behaviours in space, which are based upon revealed preferences. This observed behaviour, may say very little concerning individual preferences. Individual attitudes are most often defined in terms of persons (Golob, 2000). Hartgen (1998) noted that the employment of attitudes as explained by variables is made choice of quantitative aspect of consumers demand. This modelling strategy is not limited to those attributes such as travel times and out of pocket cost which are easily quantified and characterized by an established and easily accessible metric. Hartgen and Tuner (2001) employed an attitudinal index to prevent travel mode choices. Allen and Isserman (1999) found that attitudinal variables are useful in discriminate models of mode choice, employing attitudinal and demographic variables within the framework of an automatic interaction detector analysis. Thomas (1997) observed that transport researchers have traditionally concentrated on a limited number of situation influence: socio-demographic variables such as age, sex, education, occupation etc. mode is for example sequential versus simultaneous has been shown to affect the estimated coefficient of spatial choice model. Banister (1989) in his study noted that the urban travel network, which has involved for example excessive fuel consumption, deterioration of urban air quality, peak hour congestion etc., provides an aggregate level of mobility that is unprecedented. However, the same urban network is also responsible for the existence of several travels disadvantaged minorities and a rapid decentralization of urban population and employment. It is generally agreed that the choice of travel has both contributed to and evolved from a decentralized urban form. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURES Warn is the headquarters of the Warn South Local Government Area. It located in the Western Niger Delta region of Delta State and lies approximately between longitudes 5 °44’ latitude 5 °30’ and 6 °15’ (see fig. 1). Its location in the Niger Delta area makes it a very low-lying town. The position of Warn is about 6 metres above the sea level on the average and nowhere does it rise above 8 metres. The Warn River borders the town on the South and Eastern sides. For the purpose of data collection in the study area, purposive sampling technique was used to divide the study area into three zones for convenience. They include Enehren junction, Okere round about and cemetery road. These three areas were chosen because they are the most useable and busiest roads in Warn metropolis. People usually leave their place of resident for employment places between the hours of 6.30am and 7.30am. Also between the hours of 4.30pm and 6.30pm workers return from work. Based on this observation, traffic count was conducted in specific major roads in the study area. The count was done with a view to establish observable characteristics of the three models of transport (that is, taxi cabs, buses and motorcycles). The instrument used to elicit necessary information from the respondents include questionnaire, personal observation and oral interview. However, only two hundred (200) persons were selected to represent the target population through random sampling method. In analyzing the data the statistical tools used include the use of tables, percentages and statistical technique such as the multiple correlation statistics. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS In Warn metropolis, percentage of 6:30am to 9:00am count total was computed Table 1: Traffic Count at the Three Strategic Points in Warn Source: Field survey, 2005 for each of the three points. The same was done for the 4:00pm to 6:00pm count. The morning count summed up to 5377 vehicles. While the evening count summed up to 4458 in all the three points (see table 1). Enehren Junction by Warri-Sapele road attracted 42.6% of the traffic in the morning. While in the evening it attracted 35.6% of traffic flow in the different locations. This means that the number of vehicles that passed through this point in the morning far exceed vehicles that passed in the evening. This is as a result of most residents using the point to get to their work place and leave for different location after work in the evenings, as such some vehicles that did not pass this point in, pass it out. The same process was also obtained for the other locations. Okere Round About is located in such a way that it link together different routes in Warn metropolis. But this area does not have work places likes companies around it, likes what is found in Enebren axis. As such cannot rate as high as Enebren Junction axis in terms of vehicles tra1c flow. In the morning the route attracted 3 4.4% of traffic in the three points. While in the evening this route attracts 40.4% of traffic. The percentage of traffic flow in evening was high compared to that of the morning. This is as result of the fact that more routes are now being used in the evening after closing hour than what was used in the morning. The third route/zone where the traffic count was done was at Cemetery Road. This route attracted the least number of vehicular traffic flow, both in the morning and evening amongst the three routes used. It attracted 23.3% of traffic count in the morning and 24% of traffic count in the evening. This is as a result of the fact that the route does not link any major area like industrial area but it is a link to two markets in Warn (that is, Warri main market and Igbodu market). All the observations made with respect to directorial flow of traffic in the town show that most people prefer to use motorcycle to bus and taxi cabs. Table 2: Time of Operation Source: Field survey, 2005 Table 2 shows that 21 representing 52.5% of cabs operators are on part time while the remaining 19 represents 47.5% of cab operators on full time basis, 23 representing 38.3% while the remaining 37 representing 61.6% operates on full time basis. It was also observed that some operators on shift hour, that is, vehicle driven by two persons. In order to have a clear understanding of problems often faced by motorcycle, taxi cab, bus operators each of the operators interviewed was requested to identify some of the problems affecting his operation. The table below shows problems encountered by bus transport operators in Warn metropolis. This problem include commuters attitude to public transport, lack of fuel currency denomination etc. Table 3: Operational Problem Legend:1 Vehicle maintenance 2 Commuter Attitude 3 Fuel 4 Security Harassment 5 Bad Road/hold-up 6 Currency Denomination Table 3 above shows that bad roads and Police harassment have the highest percentage of problems encountered by the commuter operators. For every trip made a minimum ofN2O is obtained from Police by force or else they would be delayed from operating. Bad condition of roads is another factor that hinders smooth operation of transport in the study area. Most traffic jams and hold-ups are as the result of bad roads in Warn Metropolis. From the multiple correlations the result shows that 56% of commuter preference/choice cannot be explained by the effect of road transport mode in Warn Metropolis. This means that 56% are motorcycles. Commuters prefer the use than 44%, which are both taxicabs and buses. The implication of the result shows that there is a significant relationship between commuter preference/choice and road transport mode in Warn Metropolis. CONCLUDING REMARKS Warn Metropolis has been favoured by her position and location. The emergence of transport has helped to accelerate the growth rate and development. Since the emergence of motorcycle transportation there has been a significant change in the social and economic life of the inhabitants. This research has revealed that people prefer the use of motorcycle than taxicabs and buses as a result of its citywide access. The introduction of public transportation service has helped in alleviating the problem of mobility in Warn Metropolis. The implication of effective transportation planning demands knowledge of the traffic situation, the transport needs of the commuting population, as well as the transportation modal mix and contribution of transportation to economic growth. This requires the availability of transport related data. This is important in the sense that the success or failure of transportation planning lies on the accuracy of data collected. Public sector investment should be encouraged in road infrastructure construction and maintenance of road network to cater for all the different modes of transportation since they complement and compete with each other for road space. This would have the desired effect of increasing the efficiency of the transport system. REFERENCES Allen, W. B. and Isserman, A. (1999). Behavioural Modal Split. High Speed Growth Transportation Journal, l79-l99pp. Atubi,A. 0. and Onolcsb, P. C. (2003). Road Transportation and the Socio-Economic Development of the Niger-Delta: A Case Study of Warn Metropolis Journal of Social and Management Sciences Review Vol. 1, (1): 102-113. Banister, D. (1989). Transport, the Environment and Sustainable Development. London: E and FN Spon. Castells, M. (2000). European Cities, The Information and Society and the Global Economy; Oxford: Blackwell. Castells, M. (2004). The Information Age: Economy Society and Culture. Oxford: Blackwell. Dommecich, T. A. (1985). Urban Travel Demand. Amsterdam: North Hall and Publishers. Downs, A. (1989). How Transportations Arteris Impact Land values. In Urban Transportation: Perceptiveness and Prospects. H. S. Levinson and R.A. Weant. (eds) Wesport: C. T. Eno Foundation, 105-109. Ekanem, N. F. (1973). Transportation in Nigeria Nation Development. NISSER, 445-489pp. Eliot-Horst, M. E. (1973). Transportation and Societal Framework. Economic Geography, 49:163-80. Golob, T. F. (2000). An Attitudinal Model Choice. Transportation Research Vol. 10: 229-310. Hartgen, G. T. (1998). Urban Transportation Planning. A Developmental Approach. London and New York: Routled, D. Hartgen, G. and Tanner, C. (2001). Sustainable Cities. Regional Studies Association. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Hoyle, B. S. and Knowles, R. D. (1992). Transportation Geography. An Introduction in Hoyle, B.S. and Knowles, R.D. (eds) Modern Transport Geography. New York: John Will ey and Sons. 1- 10pp. Ikporukpo, C. 0. (1998). Transport Studies. In Areola. O. and Okafor. S.I. (eds) 50 Years of Geography in Nigeria the Ibadan Story. Ibadan: University of Press, 135-1 56pp. Knowles, R. D. (1993). Research Agendas in Transport Geography for 1990s. Journal of Transport Geography Vol. 1 l,):3-1]. Kreft, A. and Singh, K. (1971). Transport Demand Analysis. New York: McGraw Hill Books Company. Kruger, S. K. et al (2001). Highway Engineering. Nemchand and Bros, Rorkee. 7 Edition. Ogunsanya, A. A. (2002). Issues and Problems in Nigerian Transport System in the Trainer. Journal of the Nigerian Institute of Transport Technology Vol.], (1): 4-l0pp. Rodriique J.P. (2004). Road Transportation. Http// www. People. Hostra. Edu/geotras/ eng/ chzn. html Ruston, G. (1991). Analysis of pa1ial Behaviour. Anals of the Association of American Geographers Vol. 59, 391-400. Sassen, S. (1999). Cities in a World Economy. Thomas, B. O. (1997). An Adaptive Model for Designing Transportation System. London: University Press. Tolley, R. S. and Truton, B. J. (1995). Transport System. Policy and Planning. A Geographic Approach. England: Longman Group Limited. US Department of Transportation 2000). National Transportation Statistics, 64pp. US Department of Transportation (2004). Role of Highways in Development.

Tencent Crossfire

Tencent, one of the biggest and most influential IT Corporation in China, had launched its signature first person shooting game Crossfire in 2008. Based on reported statistics, it has over a million online users every day1 and always ranked top place in a lot of game websites. Many Other IT companies always pursue profits when forming their price strategy, but Crossfire is free to play, which seems bizarre and risky. Ultimately, there must be other ways for them to generate the cash to operate the system as well as to earn profits. Firstly, Tencent promised Crossfire is totally free to play, but the underlying strategy is smart and shocking. People may not believe it because everybody knows there is no free lunch in the world. Anyhow, when they give a try, most of them feel surprised that Tencent might have kept its promise. It is definitely free to register an account and download the game package. Tencent will not charge you a cent for it even when you literally play the game. However, after few days trail play, the commitment Tencent made has become pale and weak. That is to say, not only you have to pay, you have to pay a lot. Crossfire is a game in which you will have a gun battle with other online users. People try their best to kill their enemies with the ‘weapons’ in their hands. The ‘weapons’ are usually a gun or other ammunitions, but they are virtual goods. When you are new players, it is capable for you to survive with a simple pistol because you are protected from high level players. Yet you will find it is getting harder and harder facing other veteran players with simple, basic weapons in your hands when you finish the rookie training. Thus, in order to survive, to save your dignity, or if you are already addicted to the game, you have to purchase the weapons you need. The higher level the weapon is, the more it costs you. In fact, this strategy is a very clever move in the online game market. By adopting ‘freemium’ strategy, Tencent enjoys 29. 5% share of revenue in China2 and is a nightmare for its competitors. First of all, the revenue is from creating and selling virtual goods at almost zero cost. Moreover, it is a great opportunity to expand their influence in the market. Sometimes, the choices of a teenager can be random. When playing a game, all they want to do is to have fun with their friends. So if many teenagers are attracted by ‘freemium game’ at first place, the guys left out will soon switch to the same game. When more and more people are playing this game, the social influence will emerge and spread out rapidly, and other products from Tencent can easily take advantage of this. What’s more, it threatens or even damages its competitors in the market. By stealing customers from other games, Tencent compresses the room for other companies since the time people spend on online games are stable. That is, they would not double their play time when he plays two games. Therefore, once a customer is attracted by Crossfire, the profit of the other game which offers hourly based payment will be hugely decreased while Tencent is risk-free with its ‘freemium’ strategy. Also, Tencent is a company that is very good at modeling consumers’ behaviour. Tencent knows that people don’t mind to give a try for free stuff because they think they have nothing to lose. This could be true in reality, but not in Tencent’s world. Online games are addictive, especially for teenagers. Instead of blocking teenagers out by expensive payment at first place, Crossfire let them in and enjoys the game. Then, as time goes, the simple challenge cannot satisfy their needs. Finally, they are addicted to the product and willing to spend money on it. Similarly, the proof is not hard to find in the Apple store, in which the freemium games are leading all app revenue models and are now  accounting for more than 65% 2of app revenue. Finally, ‘freemium’ age has come. As a consumer, it is necessary to know the fact behind the ‘fairy tale’ of free. But for a company, the way of earning money is changing all the time. As the saying goes, â€Å"nothing ventured, nothing gained†. Undoubtedly, Tencent is just the perfect explanation for the proverb. Reference: 1. http://en. korea. com/blog/tech/games/crossfire-%E2%80%9Creaches-2-million-users-in-china%E2%80%9D/ 2. http://www. buzzom. com/2011/09/online-gaming-market-in-china-reaches-usd-1-3b-chinese-firms-dominant/ 3. According to Flurry’s analysis http://blog. flurry. com/? Tag=Freemium

How Does Knowledge of the Foundations and History of Nursing Provide a Context in Which to Understand Current Practice? Essay

Without an understanding of basic nursing there is no room for improvement. â€Å"By understanding the history and foundation of nursing nurses can develop a sense of professional identity and build a better future for the profession and the people they serve† (lc.gcumedia.com, 2013). We also have a better appreciation for the nursing profession and what it has evolved into today. Three trends that were demonstrated by the interactive timeline were: 1.Nursing was for the undesirables. â€Å"Ill individuals were taken care of by â€Å"sinners, saints, or mothers† â€Å"(lc.gcumedia.com, 2013). Florence Nightingale was born in a wealthy English family and had educational opportunities; however she would still often find herself wanting to help the poor. Soon after completion of nursing school she travelled to the Crimea War. There she suggested there were â€Å"five essential components to an optimal healing environment; pure air, pure water, efficient drainage, cleanl iness and light† (Kelly, 2012, p. 2397). With those changes alone the mortality rate decreased and the meaning of nursing was forever changed into what we know today. 2.Nursing was predominately for males. Like every profession in the past, men would work while women stayed at home. During war men would act like nurses by treating injured soldiers and attempting to save others lives. Florence Nightingale once again changed nursing from the past to what we know today by walking on the battle fields rendering aid to those who were wounded. 3.The birth of the American Nurses Association. The American Nurse Association (ANA) was founded in 1896. The ANA has enabled nurses to achieve higher education and given them more opportunities by providing routes to become credentialed in certain specialties and â€Å"published a vast collection of material on nursing practice and the profession† (lc.gcumedia.com, 2013). These trends have influenced me by making me thankful to all who have made nursing what it has become. Today’s nurse has evolved from a profession of the â€Å"undesirable† to the â€Å"honorable†, changed from a profession that was predominately male to n ow include females and lastly grown from only an individual’s perspective to having a huge voice within a major organization (ANA). The nursing profession has come a long way and there is always room for improvement but without the knowledge of foundations and history it wouldn’t be where it is today. References http://lc.gcumedia.com/zwebassets/couseMaterialPages/nrs430v_timeline.php. Kelly, J. (2012). Editorial: What has Florence Nightingale ever done for clinical nurses?. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 21(17/18), 2397-2398. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2010.03455.x

View Of Justice Reflected By Amazing Grace Essay - 1998 Words

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